GS Paper–II Mains – Previous Year Questions & Answers
Page–4 : Social Justice, Welfare, Health & Education
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
Q16. “Inclusive growth is central to social justice in India.” Examine.
Inclusive growth refers to economic development that benefits all sections of society, especially the marginalised. In a diverse country like India, growth without inclusion can aggravate inequality and social tension.
Social justice aims to ensure equitable access to opportunities, resources, and basic services. Policies related to education, healthcare, employment, and social security play a critical role in promoting inclusion.
However, regional disparities, informal employment, and unequal access to quality services continue to challenge inclusive growth. Therefore, inclusive growth remains central to achieving social justice and sustainable development.
Q17. “Welfare schemes in India have shifted from entitlement-based to empowerment-based approaches.” Discuss.
Earlier welfare policies in India largely focused on entitlement-based assistance, aimed at providing immediate relief. In recent years, there has been a shift towards empowerment-based approaches that emphasise capability building.
Schemes focusing on skill development, financial inclusion, health insurance, and direct benefit transfers seek to enable self-reliance and dignity. Technology has improved targeting and reduced leakages.
However, gaps in awareness, last-mile delivery, and institutional capacity remain. A balanced approach combining welfare support with empowerment is essential for long-term social development.
Q18. “Public health is not merely a medical issue but a governance challenge.” Analyse.
Public health outcomes depend not only on healthcare infrastructure but also on governance quality. Determinants such as sanitation, nutrition, safe drinking water, and environmental conditions require coordinated policy interventions.
Weak primary healthcare, regional disparities, and workforce shortages highlight governance challenges. Public health emergencies also test institutional preparedness and coordination.
Strengthening public health governance through preventive care, decentralisation, and inter-sectoral coordination is crucial for improving health outcomes and social well-being.
Q19. “Education is the most effective instrument of social transformation.” Discuss.
Education plays a transformative role by expanding opportunities, enhancing social mobility, and empowering individuals. It helps challenge traditional inequalities related to caste, gender, and region.
Access to quality education improves employability, civic awareness, and democratic participation. Policy reforms focusing on universal access, skill-oriented learning, and inclusivity strengthen social transformation.
However, disparities in quality, dropout rates, and digital divide persist. Addressing these challenges is essential to realise education’s transformative potential.
Q20. “Despite constitutional safeguards, vulnerable sections continue to face exclusion.” Critically examine.
The Indian Constitution provides extensive safeguards for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, women, and minorities. Legal provisions aim to ensure equality, dignity, and social justice.
Despite this, structural barriers, social discrimination, and uneven implementation continue to marginalise vulnerable groups. Economic vulnerability often compounds social exclusion.
Thus, beyond legal safeguards, effective governance, social awareness, and inclusive institutions are required to address persistent exclusion and realise constitutional ideals.
End of GS–II MAINS – PAGE–4
UPPSC / UPSC MASTER LIBRARY
GS–I • GS–II • Interview • Current Affairs
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
🗣️ GS–II INTERVIEW QUESTIONS (Governance & Federalism)
- Interview Page 1
- Interview Page 2
- Interview Page 3
- Interview Page 4
- Interview Page 5
- Interview Page 6
- Interview Page 7
- Interview Page 8
- Interview Page 9
- Interview Page 10
- Interview Page 11
- Interview Page 12
- Interview Page 13
- Interview Page 14
- Interview Page 15
- Interview Page 16
- Interview Page 17
- Interview Page 18
- Interview Page 19
📘 GS–II MASTER LIBRARY
📕 GS–I MASTER LIBRARY
✍️ MAINS ANSWER WRITING PRACTICE
📰 CURRENT AFFAIRS LIBRARY
- Weekly Current Affairs – UPSC / UPPSC
- Current Affairs – Indian Constitution
- Current Affairs – Geography
- Current Affairs – Final Strategy Page
This Master Library is part of Shaktimatha 369 Learning – UPPSC & UPSC Integrated Preparation Platform
.png)
No comments:
Post a Comment