GS Paper–II Mains – Previous Year Questions & Answers
Page–10 : Topper Consolidation & Case-Based Questions
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Q46. “Constitutional governance requires institutional cooperation rather than institutional confrontation.” Examine.
Constitutional governance functions effectively when institutions operate within their constitutional domains while respecting the roles of others. Institutional cooperation ensures checks and balances without undermining democratic stability.
Confrontation among institutions, whether between the executive and judiciary or between Centre and States, can lead to governance paralysis and erosion of public trust. Dialogue, constitutional conventions, and mutual respect are essential for cooperative functioning.
Thus, institutional cooperation, guided by constitutional morality, strengthens democratic governance and policy effectiveness.
Q47. “Rights-based governance must be balanced with duties-based citizenship.” Discuss.
Rights-based governance empowers citizens by ensuring dignity, freedom, and equality. Fundamental rights form the cornerstone of democratic governance.
However, rights cannot exist in isolation. Duties-based citizenship promotes responsibility, social harmony, and respect for institutions. Excessive focus on rights without civic responsibility may weaken collective governance outcomes.
A balanced approach, where rights are exercised responsibly and duties are internalised, strengthens democratic culture and constitutional governance.
Q48. “Crisis governance tests the ethical and administrative capacity of the state.” Analyse.
Crisis situations such as pandemics, natural disasters, or security threats require swift decision-making and ethical leadership. They test the state’s administrative preparedness and moral responsibility.
Effective crisis governance demands coordination, transparent communication, and protection of vulnerable groups. Ethical dilemmas often arise between efficiency and equity, security and liberty.
Strengthening institutions, ethical frameworks, and citizen trust is essential for effective crisis management and democratic resilience.
Q49. “India’s global role increasingly depends on the credibility of its domestic governance.” Examine.
India’s international standing is closely linked to the strength of its domestic institutions and governance practices. Rule of law, democratic values, and inclusive growth enhance global credibility.
Domestic governance outcomes in areas such as human rights, federalism, and service delivery shape international perceptions and diplomatic influence. Strong domestic governance also enables India to advocate reforms in global institutions.
Thus, effective domestic governance is a foundation for India’s global leadership and strategic influence.
Q50. “Administrative ethics is the invisible foundation of good governance.” Discuss.
Administrative ethics guide public officials in exercising authority with integrity, impartiality, and accountability. They shape decision-making beyond legal compliance.
Ethical administration reduces corruption, enhances public trust, and improves service delivery. Codes of conduct, training, and institutional oversight reinforce ethical standards.
In the long run, ethical governance strengthens democratic legitimacy and ensures that public power is exercised in the public interest.
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