GS-II Previous Questions & Answers – Page 7
UPSC Mains GS-II
Social Justice, Welfare & Inclusive Development
Q61. Explain the concept of social justice in the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
Social justice aims to ensure equality of status and opportunity by addressing historical injustices and structural inequalities. The Constitution promotes social justice through Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and affirmative action policies.
It seeks not merely formal equality but substantive equality for marginalised sections.
Prelims value: Social justice is reflected in DPSPs and reservation policies.
Q62. Evaluate the role of reservation in achieving social justice.
Answer:
Reservation aims to provide representation and opportunities to historically disadvantaged groups. It promotes inclusion in education, employment and governance.
However, issues like exclusion of the truly needy and demand for periodic review remain. Balanced implementation is essential.
Q63. Discuss the challenges in implementation of welfare schemes in India.
Answer:
Welfare schemes face challenges such as leakages, exclusion errors, lack of awareness and administrative inefficiency.
Use of technology, decentralisation and social audits can improve outcomes.
Q64. Examine the role of education in promoting social mobility.
Answer:
Education enhances skills, employment opportunities and social mobility. It is a powerful instrument to break intergenerational poverty.
However, disparities in access and quality remain a major concern.
Prelims value: Right to Education is a Fundamental Right (Article 21A).
Q65. Analyse the issues related to health as a component of social justice.
Answer:
Health is integral to human dignity and productivity. Inequitable access to healthcare disproportionately affects vulnerable sections.
Strengthening public health systems is essential for inclusive development.
Q66. Discuss the significance of gender justice in Indian democracy.
Answer:
Gender justice aims to eliminate discrimination and ensure equal rights for women. Constitutional provisions, legislation and policies seek to empower women politically, socially and economically.
However, societal attitudes and implementation gaps persist.
Q67. Evaluate the role of NGOs in social justice and welfare delivery.
Answer:
NGOs complement government efforts by reaching grassroots communities, enhancing awareness and monitoring welfare programmes.
Constructive collaboration between State and NGOs improves social outcomes.
Q68. “Inclusive growth is essential for sustainable development.” Discuss.
Answer:
Inclusive growth ensures that benefits of development reach all sections of society. It reduces inequality, enhances social cohesion and promotes long-term stability.
Social justice is the foundation of inclusive growth.
Q69. Examine the challenges faced by vulnerable sections in India.
Answer:
Marginalised groups face challenges such as poverty, discrimination, limited access to resources and weak institutional support.
Targeted policies and inclusive governance are required to address these issues.
Q70. How can social justice strengthen democratic governance?
Answer:
Social justice promotes equality, participation and trust in democratic institutions. By reducing disparities, it strengthens legitimacy and stability of democracy.
— Shaktimatha 369 Learning
📘 UPSC GS–II MASTER LIBRARY
Polity • Governance • Social Justice • International Relations
Prelims | Mains | Interview
📚 SECTION 1: GS–II FOUNDATION & CORE BUILDING
- GS–II Building: Polity, Governance & IR Foundation
- Indian Constitution: Philosophy & Salient Features
- Fundamental Rights, DPSP & Duties
- Parliament, Executive & Judiciary
- GS–II Building – Page 5
🏛️ SECTION 2: GOVERNANCE & SOCIAL JUSTICE
🌍 SECTION 3: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
🧠 SECTION 4: CASE STUDIES & FINAL REVISION
📝 SECTION 5: GS–II PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (ANSWERED)
- PYQs – Constitution
- PYQs – FRs & DPSPs
- PYQs – Parliament & Executive
- PYQs – Judiciary & Constitutional Bodies
- PYQs – Federalism & Centre–State
- PYQs – Governance
- PYQs – Social Justice & Welfare
- PYQs – International Relations
- PYQs – Contemporary Issues
- High Probability Final Questions
📦 SECTION 6: MASTER HUBS & CONNECT
- 📌 Learning Resource Hub
- 📲 WhatsApp UPSC Channel
- UPSC Weekly Constitution CA Library
- UPSC Geography Master Library
- UPPSC GS Paper–1 Library
“GS–II is not about memorising articles, but mastering governance with constitutional wisdom.”
— Shaktimatha 369 Learning
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