GS-II Previous Questions & Answers – Page 6
UPSC Mains GS-II
Governance, Transparency & Accountability
Q51. What do you understand by good governance? Explain its key principles.
Answer:
Good governance refers to effective, accountable and inclusive administration that delivers public services efficiently while upholding rule of law. It emphasises transparency, responsiveness, participation and equity.
Good governance ensures trust between the State and citizens and promotes sustainable development.
Prelims value: Transparency and accountability are core pillars of good governance.
Q52. Examine the role of transparency in improving governance outcomes.
Answer:
Transparency ensures openness in decision-making and access to information. Instruments such as RTI, e-governance platforms and open data portals enhance public scrutiny of government actions.
By reducing arbitrariness and corruption, transparency improves service delivery and public trust.
Q53. Discuss the importance of accountability in democratic governance.
Answer:
Accountability ensures that public officials are answerable for their decisions and actions. Political, administrative, judicial and social accountability mechanisms together strengthen democratic governance.
Without accountability, transparency alone becomes ineffective.
Q54. Analyse the role of the Right to Information (RTI) Act in governance.
Answer:
The RTI Act empowers citizens to seek information from public authorities, thereby promoting transparency and accountability.
It has exposed corruption and improved administrative responsiveness. However, challenges such as delays and misuse require institutional strengthening.
Prelims value: RTI applies to public authorities.
Q55. “E-governance is a tool, not a substitute for good governance.” Discuss.
Answer:
E-governance improves efficiency, transparency and accessibility of services through technology. However, technology alone cannot address governance deficits without institutional capacity and ethical leadership.
Thus, e-governance complements but does not replace good governance.
Q56. Examine the role of civil society in ensuring accountability.
Answer:
Civil society organisations act as watchdogs by promoting awareness, participation and social audits. They bridge the gap between the State and citizens.
Their constructive engagement strengthens democratic accountability.
Q57. Discuss the significance of social audits in governance.
Answer:
Social audits involve community participation in monitoring public programmes. They improve transparency, reduce leakages and empower beneficiaries.
Social audits promote bottom-up accountability in governance.
Q58. “Accountability without transparency is ineffective.” Explain.
Answer:
Accountability requires access to information. Without transparency, citizens cannot evaluate government performance or demand corrective action.
Therefore, transparency and accountability are mutually reinforcing.
Q59. Evaluate the role of institutions like CAG and Lokpal in governance.
Answer:
Institutions such as the CAG and Lokpal strengthen oversight and curb corruption. They promote integrity, financial discipline and public trust.
However, operational autonomy and timely action remain key challenges.
Prelims value: CAG audits government expenditure.
Q60. Suggest measures to strengthen governance in India.
Answer:
Governance can be strengthened through institutional reforms, capacity building, ethical leadership, citizen participation and effective use of technology.
A holistic approach is essential for sustainable governance outcomes.
— Shaktimatha 369 Learning
📘 UPSC GS–II MASTER LIBRARY
Polity • Governance • Social Justice • International Relations
Prelims | Mains | Interview
📚 SECTION 1: GS–II FOUNDATION & CORE BUILDING
- GS–II Building: Polity, Governance & IR Foundation
- Indian Constitution: Philosophy & Salient Features
- Fundamental Rights, DPSP & Duties
- Parliament, Executive & Judiciary
- GS–II Building – Page 5
🏛️ SECTION 2: GOVERNANCE & SOCIAL JUSTICE
🌍 SECTION 3: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
🧠 SECTION 4: CASE STUDIES & FINAL REVISION
📝 SECTION 5: GS–II PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (ANSWERED)
- PYQs – Constitution
- PYQs – FRs & DPSPs
- PYQs – Parliament & Executive
- PYQs – Judiciary & Constitutional Bodies
- PYQs – Federalism & Centre–State
- PYQs – Governance
- PYQs – Social Justice & Welfare
- PYQs – International Relations
- PYQs – Contemporary Issues
- High Probability Final Questions
📦 SECTION 6: MASTER HUBS & CONNECT
- 📌 Learning Resource Hub
- 📲 WhatsApp UPSC Channel
- UPSC Weekly Constitution CA Library
- UPSC Geography Master Library
- UPPSC GS Paper–1 Library
“GS–II is not about memorising articles, but mastering governance with constitutional wisdom.”
— Shaktimatha 369 Learning
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