GS-II Previous Questions & Answers – Page 8
UPSC Mains GS-II
International Relations: India & the World
Q71. Examine the constitutional basis of India’s foreign policy.
Answer:
India’s foreign policy draws guidance from Article 51 of the Constitution, which promotes international peace, respect for international law and peaceful settlement of disputes.
Though non-justiciable, these principles shape India’s diplomatic conduct and commitment to global cooperation.
Prelims value: Article 51 deals with international peace and security.
Q72. Discuss the concept of strategic autonomy in India’s foreign policy.
Answer:
Strategic autonomy allows India to pursue its national interests independently without aligning rigidly with any power bloc. It provides flexibility in a multipolar world.
India’s issue-based partnerships and multilateral engagements reflect the evolving nature of strategic autonomy.
Q73. Analyse India’s approach towards multilateralism.
Answer:
India actively engages in multilateral forums such as the UN, G20 and regional groupings to address global challenges like climate change and economic instability.
Multilateralism enhances India’s global influence and collective problem-solving.
Q74. Examine the significance of India’s neighbourhood policy.
Answer:
India’s neighbourhood policy aims to promote regional stability, connectivity and economic cooperation. Strong neighbourhood relations are vital for security and development.
Challenges such as political instability and external influence require sustained diplomatic engagement.
Q75. Discuss India’s role in global governance.
Answer:
India contributes to global governance through peacekeeping, climate diplomacy and development cooperation. It advocates reform of international institutions to reflect contemporary realities.
This enhances India’s credibility as a responsible global actor.
Q76. Evaluate the importance of diaspora in India’s foreign policy.
Answer:
The Indian diaspora acts as a bridge between India and host countries by promoting economic ties, cultural exchange and political goodwill.
Engagement with diaspora strengthens India’s soft power.
Prelims value: Diaspora diplomacy is part of soft power.
Q77. “Economic diplomacy has become central to India’s foreign policy.” Discuss.
Answer:
Economic diplomacy focuses on trade, investment and technology cooperation. India’s foreign engagements increasingly prioritise economic growth and supply chain resilience.
This aligns foreign policy with domestic development goals.
Q78. Analyse the impact of global power shifts on India’s foreign relations.
Answer:
Shifts towards multipolarity have expanded India’s strategic options while also increasing geopolitical competition.
India balances relations with major powers through diplomacy and issue-based cooperation.
Q79. Discuss the role of international law in India’s external relations.
Answer:
India supports a rules-based international order and respects international law in resolving disputes.
Adherence to international law enhances India’s credibility and moral standing.
Q80. How does foreign policy contribute to national development?
Answer:
Foreign policy supports national development by securing markets, technology, energy resources and strategic partnerships.
Thus, diplomacy and development are increasingly interconnected.
— Shaktimatha 369 Learning
📘 UPSC GS–II MASTER LIBRARY
Polity • Governance • Social Justice • International Relations
Prelims | Mains | Interview
📚 SECTION 1: GS–II FOUNDATION & CORE BUILDING
- GS–II Building: Polity, Governance & IR Foundation
- Indian Constitution: Philosophy & Salient Features
- Fundamental Rights, DPSP & Duties
- Parliament, Executive & Judiciary
- GS–II Building – Page 5
🏛️ SECTION 2: GOVERNANCE & SOCIAL JUSTICE
🌍 SECTION 3: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
🧠 SECTION 4: CASE STUDIES & FINAL REVISION
📝 SECTION 5: GS–II PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (ANSWERED)
- PYQs – Constitution
- PYQs – FRs & DPSPs
- PYQs – Parliament & Executive
- PYQs – Judiciary & Constitutional Bodies
- PYQs – Federalism & Centre–State
- PYQs – Governance
- PYQs – Social Justice & Welfare
- PYQs – International Relations
- PYQs – Contemporary Issues
- High Probability Final Questions
📦 SECTION 6: MASTER HUBS & CONNECT
- 📌 Learning Resource Hub
- 📲 WhatsApp UPSC Channel
- UPSC Weekly Constitution CA Library
- UPSC Geography Master Library
- UPPSC GS Paper–1 Library
“GS–II is not about memorising articles, but mastering governance with constitutional wisdom.”
— Shaktimatha 369 Learning
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