GS-II Building – Page 4
UPSC Mains GS-II
Parliament, Executive & Judiciary
🔹 CORE OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE
India follows a parliamentary form of government based on the principles of separation of powers, checks and balances, and constitutional supremacy.
The Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary are independent yet interdependent institutions.
🏛️ PARLIAMENT OF INDIA
Parliament is the supreme legislative body responsible for law-making, financial control, and executive accountability.
Key Functions
- Legislation
- Financial control (Budget, taxation)
- Executive oversight
- Representation of people
Challenges
- Frequent disruptions
- Declining quality of debates
- Overuse of ordinances
🏢 EXECUTIVE (POLITICAL & PERMANENT)
The Executive implements laws and governs the country on a day-to-day basis.
Political Executive
- President
- Prime Minister
- Council of Ministers
Permanent Executive
- Civil Services
- Policy implementation
- Administrative continuity
Accountability of the Executive to Parliament is a cornerstone of parliamentary democracy.
⚖️ JUDICIARY
The Judiciary is the guardian of the Constitution, protector of Fundamental Rights, and interpreter of laws.
Key Powers
- Judicial review
- Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
- Interpretation of Constitution
Judicial Activism vs Judicial Restraint
While judicial activism ensures accountability, excessive intervention may raise concerns about separation of powers.
⚖️ CHECKS & BALANCES
- Parliament controls Executive through questions
- Judiciary reviews laws made by Parliament
- Executive appoints judges (with safeguards)
This balance prevents concentration of power and ensures constitutional governance.
🧠 CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
- Role of Speaker & anti-defection law
- Judicial appointments & collegium debate
- Executive accountability and transparency
UPSC values balanced and institutional analysis.
✍️ PRACTICE QUESTIONS (GS-II)
1. Examine the role of Parliament in ensuring executive accountability. (10 marks)
2. Discuss the significance of separation of powers in Indian constitutional democracy. (15 marks)
“Institutions matter more than individuals in a democracy.”
— Shaktimatha 369 Learning
📘 UPSC GS–II MASTER LIBRARY
Polity • Governance • Social Justice • International Relations
Prelims | Mains | Interview
📚 SECTION 1: GS–II FOUNDATION & CORE BUILDING
- GS–II Building: Polity, Governance & IR Foundation
- Indian Constitution: Philosophy & Salient Features
- Fundamental Rights, DPSP & Duties
- Parliament, Executive & Judiciary
- GS–II Building – Page 5
🏛️ SECTION 2: GOVERNANCE & SOCIAL JUSTICE
🌍 SECTION 3: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
🧠 SECTION 4: CASE STUDIES & FINAL REVISION
📝 SECTION 5: GS–II PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (ANSWERED)
- PYQs – Constitution
- PYQs – FRs & DPSPs
- PYQs – Parliament & Executive
- PYQs – Judiciary & Constitutional Bodies
- PYQs – Federalism & Centre–State
- PYQs – Governance
- PYQs – Social Justice & Welfare
- PYQs – International Relations
- PYQs – Contemporary Issues
- High Probability Final Questions
📦 SECTION 6: MASTER HUBS & CONNECT
- 📌 Learning Resource Hub
- 📲 WhatsApp UPSC Channel
- UPSC Weekly Constitution CA Library
- UPSC Geography Master Library
- UPPSC GS Paper–1 Library
“GS–II is not about memorising articles, but mastering governance with constitutional wisdom.”
— Shaktimatha 369 Learning
📘 UPSC GS–II MASTER LIBRARY
Polity • Governance • Social Justice • International Relations
Prelims | Mains | Interview
📚 SECTION 1: GS–II FOUNDATION & CORE BUILDING
- GS–II Building: Polity, Governance & IR Foundation
- Indian Constitution: Philosophy & Salient Features
- Fundamental Rights, DPSP & Duties
- Parliament, Executive & Judiciary
- GS–II Building – Page 5
🏛️ SECTION 2: GOVERNANCE & SOCIAL JUSTICE
🌍 SECTION 3: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
🧠 SECTION 4: CASE STUDIES & FINAL REVISION
📝 SECTION 5: GS–II PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTIONS (ANSWERED)
- PYQs – Constitution
- PYQs – FRs & DPSPs
- PYQs – Parliament & Executive
- PYQs – Judiciary & Constitutional Bodies
- PYQs – Federalism & Centre–State
- PYQs – Governance
- PYQs – Social Justice & Welfare
- PYQs – International Relations
- PYQs – Contemporary Issues
- High Probability Final Questions
📦 SECTION 6: MASTER HUBS & CONNECT
- 📌 Learning Resource Hub
- 📲 WhatsApp UPSC Channel
- UPSC Weekly Constitution CA Library
- UPSC Geography Master Library
- UPPSC GS Paper–1 Library
“GS–II is not about memorising articles, but mastering governance with constitutional wisdom.”
— Shaktimatha 369 Learning
.png)
No comments:
Post a Comment