GS–III MAINS – Agriculture
Page–2 : Agriculture, Food Security & Farmers
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
Q6. “Indian agriculture is characterised by low productivity and high dependence on monsoon.” Examine.
Indian agriculture employs a large section of the population, yet productivity remains relatively low. Small and fragmented landholdings, traditional farming practices, and inadequate irrigation are major constraints.
A high dependence on monsoon rainfall makes agriculture vulnerable to climate variability. Erratic rainfall and extreme weather events affect crop yields and farmer incomes.
Improving irrigation coverage, promoting modern technology, and encouraging climate-resilient agriculture are essential to address these challenges.
Q7. “Agricultural diversification is essential for enhancing farmers’ income.” Discuss.
Agricultural diversification involves shifting from traditional cereal-based farming to high-value crops, horticulture, livestock, and allied activities.
It reduces risk, improves income stability, and generates employment opportunities in rural areas. Diversification also improves nutritional security.
However, adequate market access, storage facilities, and extension services are necessary to realise its full benefits.
Q8. “Minimum Support Price alone cannot ensure farmers’ welfare.” Analyse.
Minimum Support Price (MSP) provides price assurance to farmers and protects them from market volatility. However, its coverage is limited to select crops and regions.
Issues such as procurement bottlenecks, lack of awareness, and rising input costs reduce the effectiveness of MSP. Farmers’ welfare requires a holistic approach beyond price support.
Investments in irrigation, credit access, crop insurance, and market reforms are essential for sustainable farmer welfare.
Q9. “Food security is not merely about availability but also access and nutrition.” Discuss.
Food security encompasses availability, accessibility, and affordability of food. Nutritional adequacy is a crucial component of food security.
While India has achieved self-sufficiency in food grains, malnutrition and hunger persist due to poverty, inequality, and distribution challenges.
Strengthening public distribution systems, diversifying food baskets, and improving income levels are essential for ensuring comprehensive food security.
Q10. “Climate change poses serious challenges to Indian agriculture.” Examine.
Climate change affects agriculture through rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and increased frequency of extreme events. These factors reduce crop productivity and threaten farmers’ livelihoods.
Small and marginal farmers are particularly vulnerable due to limited adaptive capacity. Climate-smart practices and risk-management tools are therefore critical.
Promoting sustainable farming, crop diversification, and climate-resilient technologies is essential to safeguard Indian agriculture.
End of GS–III MAINS – PAGE–2
UPPSC / UPSC GS–III MASTER LIBRARY
Indian Economy • Environment • Disaster Management • Science & Technology • Internal Security
By Shaktimatha 369 Learning
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