Geography Optional – Paper II (India)
Page–10 : Transport, Communication & Trade Geography
Roads • Railways • Ports • Airways • Digital Networks • Trade
Q1. Analyse the role of transport infrastructure in India’s economic development.
Transport infrastructure acts as the backbone of economic integration in India. Roads and railways connect production centres with markets and ports.
Improved connectivity reduces regional disparities and promotes national integration, especially in remote and border areas.
Q2. Examine the spatial pattern of railway and road networks in India.
The railway network is dense in the Northern Plains and Peninsular Plateau due to flat terrain and high population density.
Road density is comparatively lower in Himalayan and North-Eastern regions owing to rugged terrain and climatic constraints.
Q3. Discuss the significance of ports and maritime trade in India.
India’s long coastline has facilitated the development of major ports such as Mumbai, Chennai and Visakhapatnam.
Ports play a crucial role in India’s foreign trade, handling over 90% of trade volume by sea.
Q4. Evaluate the impact of communication and digital networks on regional development.
Expansion of telecom and internet connectivity has transformed India’s economy. Digital infrastructure supports e-governance, services and financial inclusion.
However, digital divide between urban and rural areas remains a major challenge.
Q5. Explain the changing pattern of India’s internal and external trade.
Internal trade has expanded due to GST and improved logistics. External trade is increasingly diversified in terms of partners and commodities.
Yet, trade imbalance and infrastructure bottlenecks continue to affect competitiveness.
End of Page–10 | Geography Optional – Paper II
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