Geography Optional – Paper II (India)
Page–9 : Mineral & Energy Resources and Industrial Regions
Coal • Iron Ore • Petroleum • Power • Industrial Belts
Q1. Discuss the spatial distribution of mineral resources in India.
Mineral resources in India show a highly uneven spatial distribution. Most metallic minerals are concentrated in the Peninsular Plateau.
Jharkhand–Odisha belt is rich in iron ore, coal and manganese, while petroleum resources are mainly offshore and in Assam.
Q2. Examine the role of coal and petroleum in India’s energy security.
Coal remains the backbone of India’s energy sector, contributing majorly to thermal power generation.
Petroleum is critical for transport and industry, making India dependent on imports and vulnerable to global price shocks.
Q3. Analyse the importance of renewable energy resources in India.
India has emerged as a global leader in solar and wind energy. Renewables help reduce carbon emissions and import dependence.
However, issues of storage, grid integration and land availability persist.
Q4. Explain the factors influencing the location of industrial regions in India.
Availability of raw materials, power, labour and transport have shaped industrial regions like Mumbai–Pune and Chota Nagpur.
Recent trends show a shift towards coastal and corridor-based industries.
End of Page–9 | Geography Optional – Paper II
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