Geography Optional – Paper II (India)
Page–8 : Irrigation, Water Resources & Agricultural Regions
Canals • Wells & Tubewells • Multipurpose Projects • Regional Water Stress
Q1. Analyse the importance of irrigation in Indian agriculture.
Irrigation is the backbone of Indian agriculture as it reduces monsoon dependence and ensures crop stability.
It enables multiple cropping, adoption of HYV seeds, and expansion of wheat and rice cultivation.
Q2. Examine the major sources of irrigation in India.
Canal irrigation dominates northern plains, while tubewells are widespread in Punjab, Haryana and UP.
Tank irrigation is important in peninsular India, especially Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
Q3. Discuss the role of multipurpose river valley projects.
Multipurpose projects like Bhakra-Nangal and Hirakud support irrigation, power generation and flood control.
However, they have also caused displacement, ecological damage and inter-state water disputes.
Q4. Explain regional imbalances in water resource utilization.
North-west India faces groundwater depletion, while eastern India remains underutilized.
Climate change and uneven rainfall intensify regional water stress and conflicts.
End of Page–8 | Geography Optional – Paper II
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