Geography Optional – Paper II (India)
Page–7 : Indian Agriculture – Cropping Patterns, Regions & Issues
Food Crops • Commercial Crops • Regional Patterns • Contemporary Challenges
Q1. Examine the spatial patterns of agriculture in India.
Indian agriculture shows strong regional diversity due to variations in climate, soil, irrigation, technology and socio-economic conditions.
Rice dominates eastern and southern India, while wheat is concentrated in north-western plains. Millets and pulses are common in semi-arid regions.
Q2. Discuss major cropping patterns in India.
India follows diverse cropping patterns such as mono-cropping, multiple cropping and crop rotation.
Green Revolution regions show wheat-rice dominance, whereas rainfed areas follow coarse grains and pulses to reduce climatic risks.
Q3. What are the major problems faced by Indian agriculture?
Major challenges include small landholdings, dependence on monsoon, soil degradation, low mechanization and post-harvest losses.
Climate change has increased frequency of droughts, floods and heat stress, affecting crop productivity.
Q4. Evaluate the role of irrigation in transforming Indian agriculture.
Irrigation has enhanced cropping intensity, reduced monsoon dependence and enabled HYV adoption.
However, over-irrigation has led to waterlogging, salinity and groundwater depletion in many regions.
End of Page–7 | Geography Optional – Paper II
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