Geography Optional – Paper II (India)
Page–11 : Regional Planning & Development
Regional Disparities • Planning Regions • Backward Areas • Sustainable Development
Q1. What is regional planning? Discuss its relevance in India.
Regional planning refers to systematic efforts to achieve balanced development by reducing spatial inequalities between regions.
In India, it is essential due to uneven resource distribution, colonial legacy and population pressure.
Q2. Analyse the causes of regional disparities in India.
Regional disparities arise due to historical neglect, physical constraints, poor infrastructure and unequal investment patterns.
States like Bihar, Odisha and parts of Central India lag behind compared to western and southern states.
Q3. Examine the role of Five-Year Plans in regional development.
Indian planning emphasized balanced growth through public sector investment, industrial location policies and special area programmes.
However, implementation gaps and political interference limited their overall success.
Q4. Discuss the significance of regional development programmes in India.
Programmes such as Tribal Sub-Plan, Hill Area Development Programme and Border Area Development Programme aim to address regional backwardness.
They focus on infrastructure, livelihoods and social inclusion.
Q5. Critically evaluate the challenges of regional planning in India.
Major challenges include lack of coordination, uneven governance capacity and rising inter-state competition.
Sustainable and participatory planning is required to achieve inclusive regional development.
End of Page–11 | Geography Optional – Paper II
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