Geography Optional Paper II – Page 22
Mineral & Energy Resources of India
1. Significance of Mineral Resources
- Foundation of industrial development
- Supports infrastructure and manufacturing
- Generates employment and revenue
- Strategic importance for national security
2. Classification of Minerals
- Metallic Minerals: Iron ore, manganese, bauxite
- Non-Metallic Minerals: Limestone, mica, gypsum
- Energy Minerals: Coal, petroleum, natural gas
3. Major Mineral Belts of India
- North-Eastern Plateau Belt
- South-Western Plateau Belt
- North-Western Region
- Coastal and Offshore Regions
4. Important Metallic Minerals
- Iron Ore: Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka
- Manganese: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh
- Bauxite: Odisha, Gujarat, Jharkhand
5. Energy Resources – Conventional
- Coal: Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro coalfields
- Petroleum: Mumbai High, Assam, Krishna-Godavari basin
- Natural Gas: Offshore basins and eastern coast
6. Energy Resources – Non-Conventional
- Solar energy
- Wind energy
- Hydroelectric power
- Nuclear energy
7. Problems of Mineral & Energy Sector
- Uneven regional distribution
- Environmental degradation
- Land displacement issues
- Dependence on imports
8. Sustainable Resource Management
- Mineral conservation
- Clean energy transition
- Recycling and efficient use
- Environmental impact assessments
9. Previous Year Question (Model)
“Examine the distribution of mineral and energy resources in India and discuss the challenges in their sustainable exploitation.”
10. Answer Writing Tips
- Draw mineral belt and coalfield maps
- Use current energy transition examples
- Link resources with industrial regions
⛏️⚡ Shaktimatha Learning | Geography Optional – Mineral & Energy Resources
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