UPSC / UPPSC Geography Optional
Paper–II (Indian Geography)
Previous Year Questions with Model Answers – Page 4
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
Q15. “Environmental degradation in India is largely a by-product of unplanned development.” Examine.
Answer:
India’s rapid economic growth and urbanisation, when not supported by adequate planning, have resulted in severe environmental degradation.
Major Dimensions:
- Deforestation due to infrastructure projects
- Industrial pollution of air and water
- Land degradation from intensive agriculture
Unregulated mining and urban sprawl have further aggravated ecological stress.
Conclusion:
Sustainable development planning is essential to balance economic growth with environmental conservation.
Q16. Analyse the role of climate change in increasing the frequency of extreme weather events in India.
Answer:
Climate change has intensified the frequency and severity of extreme weather events across India.
Key Impacts:
- More frequent heatwaves
- Intensified cyclones along the eastern coast
- Erratic rainfall causing floods and droughts
These events disproportionately affect vulnerable populations and fragile ecosystems.
Conclusion:
Strengthening climate adaptation and disaster preparedness is critical for reducing climate risks.
Q17. Discuss the causes and impacts of landslides in the Himalayan region.
Answer:
The Himalayan region is highly prone to landslides due to its young fold mountain structure.
Causes:
- Steep slopes and fragile geology
- Heavy monsoon rainfall
- Earthquakes and deforestation
Impacts:
- Loss of lives and infrastructure
- Disruption of transport networks
- Environmental degradation
Conclusion:
Integrated slope management and sustainable hill development are necessary to mitigate landslide risks.
Q18. Examine the importance of sustainable development in India’s regional planning.
Answer:
Sustainable development seeks to integrate economic growth, social equity and environmental protection.
Importance:
- Prevents over-exploitation of resources
- Ensures inter-generational equity
- Promotes region-specific development strategies
Conclusion:
Sustainable regional planning is crucial for long-term national development.
Q19. Evaluate the effectiveness of India’s disaster management framework.
Answer:
India has developed an institutional framework for disaster management under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
Strengths:
- Establishment of NDMA
- Improved early warning systems
- Better inter-agency coordination
Challenges:
- Implementation gaps at local levels
- Capacity constraints
- Inadequate community participation
Conclusion:
A shift from relief-centric to resilience-centric approach is required for effective disaster management.
Examiner Tip:
Environment answers score higher when linked with sustainability and policy frameworks.
End of PYQs – Geography Optional Paper II | Page 4
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
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