UPSC / UPPSC Geography Optional
Paper–II (Indian Geography)
Previous Year Questions with Model Answers – Page 5
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
Q20. Discuss the geographical basis of India’s international boundaries and their strategic significance.
Answer:
India’s international boundaries are shaped by a combination of natural and artificial features and hold immense strategic and geopolitical importance.
Geographical Basis:
- Himalayas as a natural northern barrier
- Rivers and plains along eastern borders
- Artificial boundaries such as LoC and LAC
Strategic Significance:
- National security and defence
- Trade routes and connectivity
- Regional stability and diplomacy
Conclusion:
Geography continues to shape India’s border management and geopolitical strategies.
Q21. Examine the causes and consequences of internal migration in India.
Answer:
Internal migration in India is a major demographic phenomenon driven by economic, social and environmental factors.
Causes:
- Rural poverty and unemployment
- Urban job opportunities
- Natural disasters and climate stress
Consequences:
- Urban congestion and slums
- Labour supply for cities
- Social and cultural integration challenges
Conclusion:
Balanced regional development is key to reducing distress-driven migration.
Q22. Analyse population growth trends in India and their socio-economic implications.
Answer:
India’s population growth has shown a declining trend, yet absolute numbers continue to rise, posing significant challenges.
Trends:
- Declining fertility rates
- Regional variations in growth
- Demographic transition
Implications:
- Pressure on resources
- Employment challenges
- Opportunities through demographic dividend
Conclusion:
Effective population policies are essential to harness demographic advantages.
Q23. “Border areas of India face unique developmental and security challenges.” Discuss.
Answer:
India’s border regions are geographically remote, economically underdeveloped and strategically sensitive.
Challenges:
- Difficult terrain and harsh climate
- Poor infrastructure and connectivity
- Security concerns and cross-border issues
Opportunities:
- Border Area Development Programme
- Improved connectivity and tourism
Conclusion:
Integrated border development is essential for national security and regional growth.
Q24. Evaluate the role of social factors in shaping India’s regional identity.
Answer:
India’s regional identities are shaped by language, culture, history and socio-economic conditions.
Key Factors:
- Linguistic diversity
- Cultural traditions
- Historical evolution of regions
Conclusion:
India’s unity lies in managing diversity through inclusive development and federalism.
Examiner Tip:
For political & population questions, always integrate maps and current examples.
End of PYQs – Geography Optional Paper II | Page 5
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
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