UPSC / UPPSC Geography Optional
Paper–II (Indian Geography)
Previous Year Questions with Model Answers – Page 3
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
Q10. Analyse the factors responsible for the location of iron and steel industry in India.
Answer:
The iron and steel industry is a basic and strategic industry in India. Its location is influenced by a combination of physical and economic factors.
Key Factors:
- Raw materials: Availability of iron ore, coal and limestone
- Power: Proximity to thermal and hydel power sources
- Transport: Rail and port connectivity
- Market: Demand from construction and manufacturing sectors
- Labour & capital: Skilled workforce and investment
Hence, major centres developed in the Chota Nagpur plateau region (Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Rourkela).
Conclusion:
Despite diversification of locations, raw material proximity continues to influence industrial geography.
Q11. Discuss the role of transport networks in India’s regional development.
Answer:
Transport networks act as arteries of economic integration and play a decisive role in reducing regional disparities.
Role of Transport:
- Facilitates movement of goods and labour
- Promotes industrial and agricultural growth
- Encourages market integration
- Supports national unity
Regions with dense transport networks such as the Indo-Gangetic plains have witnessed faster development compared to remote regions.
Conclusion:
Balanced transport infrastructure is essential for inclusive regional development.
Q12. “Urbanisation in India is characterised by uneven growth.” Explain.
Answer:
Urbanisation in India has accelerated rapidly, but its spatial pattern remains uneven.
Characteristics:
- Concentration of growth in metropolitan cities
- Emergence of urban primacy
- Slow growth of small and medium towns
Causes:
- Industrial concentration
- Rural–urban migration
- Inadequate regional planning
Conclusion:
Promoting tier-2 and tier-3 cities is crucial for balanced urban development.
Q13. Examine the problems and prospects of India’s industrial corridors.
Answer:
Industrial corridors aim to promote manufacturing and regional development through integrated infrastructure.
Prospects:
- Boost to manufacturing sector
- Employment generation
- Improved logistics and connectivity
Problems:
- Land acquisition challenges
- Environmental concerns
- Regional imbalance risks
Conclusion:
Sustainable planning and inclusive policies are essential for successful corridor development.
Q14. Discuss the importance of regional planning in reducing inter-regional disparities in India.
Answer:
Regional planning seeks to achieve balanced development by considering regional resource endowments and constraints.
Importance:
- Efficient utilisation of resources
- Reduction of regional inequalities
- Targeted infrastructure development
Conclusion:
Effective regional planning is vital for achieving inclusive and sustainable development.
Examiner Tip:
Always link industrial and urban answers with maps and planning perspective.
End of PYQs – Geography Optional Paper II | Page 3
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
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