UPSC / UPPSC Geography Optional
Paper–II (Indian Geography)
Previous Year Questions with Model Answers – Page 2
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
Q5. Analyse the impact of climate change on Indian agriculture.
Answer:
Indian agriculture is highly sensitive to climatic variations due to its dependence on monsoon rainfall. Climate change has significantly altered temperature and precipitation patterns, affecting agricultural productivity.
Major Impacts:
- Erratic monsoon and rainfall uncertainty
- Increased frequency of droughts and floods
- Heat stress reducing crop yields
- Changing pest and disease patterns
Regions like semi-arid Deccan plateau and rain-fed areas are particularly vulnerable.
Conclusion:
Climate-resilient agriculture, crop diversification and sustainable water management are essential to ensure food security.
Q6. Explain the causes of regional disparities in agricultural development in India.
Answer:
Agricultural development in India shows wide regional disparities due to variations in physical, socio-economic and institutional factors.
Physical Factors:
- Soil fertility variations
- Uneven rainfall distribution
- Topographical constraints
Socio-Economic Factors:
- Access to irrigation and credit
- Use of modern technology
- Landholding size and tenancy issues
Conclusion:
Balanced regional development requires region-specific policies and investment in rural infrastructure.
Q7. “The Green Revolution has been both a boon and a bane for Indian agriculture.” Discuss.
Answer:
The Green Revolution transformed Indian agriculture by introducing high-yielding varieties, fertilisers and irrigation facilities.
Achievements:
- Food self-sufficiency
- Increased wheat and rice production
- Reduction in famine risk
Limitations:
- Regional concentration in north-west India
- Soil degradation and water depletion
- Marginalisation of small farmers
Conclusion:
A second Green Revolution based on sustainability and inclusiveness is required.
Q8. Discuss the significance of mineral resources in the economic development of India.
Answer:
Mineral resources form the backbone of industrial development and economic growth in India.
Significance:
- Raw materials for industries
- Employment generation
- Contribution to exports
- Infrastructure development
Major mineral belts include Chota Nagpur plateau and Dharwar craton.
Conclusion:
Sustainable mining practices are essential to balance economic growth and environmental protection.
Q9. Examine the causes and consequences of droughts in India.
Answer:
Droughts are recurrent natural hazards in India, primarily caused by monsoon failure and climatic variability.
Causes:
- Erratic rainfall
- El Niño events
- Over-extraction of groundwater
Consequences:
- Agricultural losses
- Water scarcity
- Rural distress and migration
Conclusion:
Integrated drought management and climate-adaptive strategies are essential.
Examiner Tip:
Use regional examples (Punjab, Deccan, Bundelkhand) to enhance answers.
End of PYQs – Geography Optional Paper II | Page 2
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
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