Geography Optional – Paper II (India)
Page–14 : Strategic Regions, Border Disputes & National Security
Himalayas • Indian Ocean • Border Disputes • Strategic Importance
Q1. Why is the Himalayan region strategically important for India?
The Himalayas act as a natural defensive barrier and influence India’s climate, river systems and security.
They also form sensitive international boundaries with China, Nepal and Bhutan.
Q2. Discuss major border disputes of India.
India faces unresolved boundary issues with Pakistan (Jammu & Kashmir) and China (LAC).
These disputes have geopolitical, strategic and security implications.
Q3. Explain the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
The IOR connects major global trade routes and energy supply lines.
India’s dominance in the IOR strengthens its maritime security and regional leadership.
Q4. Analyse the role of island territories in India’s geopolitics.
Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands enhance India’s maritime reach.
They are critical for surveillance, naval operations and regional balance of power.
Q5. How does political geography influence national security?
Geographical location, borders and terrain shape defence planning and internal security.
Political geography helps in strategic decision-making and foreign policy formulation.
End of Page–14 | Geography Optional – Paper II
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