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Geography Optional – Paper II (India)
Page–19 : Indian Drainage System – Himalayan & Peninsular Rivers
Indus • Ganga • Brahmaputra • Peninsular River Systems
Q1. Classify the Indian drainage system and explain its major features.
Indian drainage system is broadly classified into Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.
Himalayan rivers are perennial with large basins and extensive floodplains, while Peninsular rivers are seasonal and flow over hard crystalline rocks.
Q2. Compare the Himalayan and Peninsular river systems.
Himalayan rivers like the Ganga and Brahmaputra originate from glaciers and exhibit youthful characteristics.
Peninsular rivers such as Godavari and Krishna are older, have fixed courses and comparatively smaller basins.
Q3. Discuss the role of rivers in shaping the Indian physiography.
Rivers have played a major role in forming alluvial plains, deltas and fertile floodplains.
They have also influenced settlement patterns, agriculture and transport networks in India.
Q4. Examine the problems associated with Indian river systems.
Major problems include floods, river pollution, siltation and inter-state water disputes.
Climate change has intensified extreme events, affecting river regimes and water availability.
Q5. Highlight the significance of river basin management in India.
Integrated river basin management ensures sustainable use of water resources.
It is essential for irrigation, hydropower generation, flood control and ecological balance.
End of Page–19 | Geography Optional – Paper II
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