Geography Optional Paper II – Page 12
Environmental Geography & Sustainable Development
1. Meaning of Environmental Geography
Environmental geography studies the interaction between human activities and the natural environment, focusing on sustainability, resource use, and environmental impacts.
2. Human–Environment Relationship
- Possibilism and Neo-determinism
- Human-induced environmental changes
- Carrying capacity of ecosystems
3. Environmental Degradation in India
- Deforestation and biodiversity loss
- Land degradation and desertification
- Air, water and soil pollution
- Urban environmental stress
4. Climate Change and India
- Rising temperatures and heatwaves
- Erratic monsoon and extreme events
- Sea-level rise affecting coastal areas
- Impact on agriculture and livelihoods
5. Sustainable Development
Sustainable development means meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
- Economic sustainability
- Social equity
- Environmental protection
6. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- SDG 6 – Clean Water and Sanitation
- SDG 7 – Affordable and Clean Energy
- SDG 11 – Sustainable Cities
- SDG 13 – Climate Action
- SDG 15 – Life on Land
7. Environmental Policies & Initiatives in India
- National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
- National Afforestation Programme
- Swachh Bharat Mission
- National Biodiversity Action Plan
8. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
- Tool for sustainable project planning
- Identifies environmental costs
- Helps in mitigation measures
9. Previous Year Question (Model)
“Discuss the concept of sustainable development and examine its relevance for India in the context of climate change.”
10. Answer Writing Tips
- Use flowcharts and diagrams
- Link SDGs with Indian examples
- Add current affairs and reports
🌱 Shaktimatha Learning | Geography Optional – Environmental Geography
.png)
No comments:
Post a Comment