📘 Geography Optional – Paper II
Previous Year Objective Questions & Answers
Page 29: Environmental Geography – Climate Change & Sustainability
🌍 Climate Change & India
- India is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries despite low per-capita emissions.
- Major impacts of climate change in India include:
- Erratic and delayed monsoon
- Increase in heatwaves, floods, cyclones
- Himalayan glacier retreat
- Sea-level rise and coastal erosion
♻️ Sustainable Development
- Sustainable Development means development that meets present needs without compromising future generations.
- Three pillars of sustainability:
- Economic sustainability
- Social equity
- Environmental protection
Important Global Environmental Agreements
- UNFCCC (1992) – Framework for global climate action
- Kyoto Protocol (1997) – Binding emission targets for developed countries
- Paris Agreement (2015) – Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
🇮🇳 India’s Climate Initiatives
- National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
- National Solar Mission
- National Afforestation Programme
- LiFE – Lifestyle for Environment
⚠️ UPSC Objective Traps
- Desertification is not the same as drought
- Biodiversity hotspots do not necessarily mean dense forest cover
- Climate mitigation ≠ Climate adaptation
📝 High-Probability UPSC Objective Areas
- IPCC reports and assessment cycles
- Greenhouse gases and their global warming potential
- Carbon trading and carbon credits
- Climate finance and Green Climate Fund (GCF)
- Environment-related SDGs (12, 13, 14, 15)
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🏷️ Labels
Geography Optional Paper 2, UPSC Geography Objective Questions, Environmental Geography, Climate Change India, Sustainable Development, UPSC PYQs, Geography Prelims Mains
📝 Meta Description
Geography Optional Paper 2 Page 29 covers objective previous year questions on environmental geography, climate change, sustainability, global agreements, and India’s climate initiatives for UPSC and UPPSC aspirants.
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