UPSC / UPPSC Geography Optional
Paper–II (Indian Geography) – Page 9
Mineral & Energy Resources of India
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
1. Introduction
Mineral and energy resources form the industrial backbone of India. They provide raw materials for manufacturing, support infrastructure development and play a key role in economic growth and national security.
2. Factors Influencing Mineral Distribution
- Geological structure
- Nature of parent rocks
- Tectonic history
- Economic viability
3. Classification of Minerals
A. Metallic Minerals
- Ferrous – Iron ore, Manganese
- Non-ferrous – Copper, Bauxite
B. Non-Metallic Minerals
- Mica
- Limestone
- Gypsum
C. Energy Minerals
- Coal
- Petroleum
- Natural Gas
- Uranium & Thorium
4. Major Mineral Belts of India
- North-Eastern Plateau Region
- South-Western Plateau Region
- North-Western Region
- Southern Region
5. Conventional Energy Resources
Coal
- Primary source of power generation
- Major fields: Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro
Petroleum & Natural Gas
- Found in Assam, Mumbai High, Krishna–Godavari Basin
- Essential for transport and industry
Hydroelectric Power
- Potential in Himalayan and Western Ghats regions
- Renewable but location-specific
6. Non-Conventional Energy Resources
- Solar energy
- Wind energy
- Biogas
- Tidal and geothermal energy
Exam Tip: Mention India’s renewable energy targets for value addition.
7. Issues Related to Mineral & Energy Resources
- Resource depletion
- Environmental degradation
- Regional imbalance
- Energy security concerns
8. Sustainable Management & Way Forward
- Efficient mining practices
- Use of renewable energy
- Recycling and conservation
- Balanced regional development
9. Answer Writing Strategy
- Draw mineral distribution map
- Classify minerals clearly
- Add one current example
- Conclude with sustainability focus
Golden Rule: Map + classification + issue + solution = top marks
End of Geography Optional – Paper II | Page 9
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
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