📘 Geography Optional – Paper I
Page 2 – Fluvial & Glacial Geomorphology
Q1. Discuss the role of rivers in landscape evolution. (15 Marks)
Introduction: Rivers are major agents of denudation shaping terrestrial landscapes.
Processes:
- Erosion – Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition
- Transportation – Suspension, saltation, traction
- Deposition – Floodplains, deltas
Conclusion: Rivers create dynamic landforms reflecting climatic and tectonic controls.
Q2. Explain the formation of Meanders and Oxbow Lakes. (10 Marks)
Meanders form due to lateral erosion and helicoidal flow in mature rivers. Oxbow lakes develop when a meander loop is cut off due to erosion and deposition.
Q3. What are River Terraces? Explain types. (10 Marks)
- Paired terraces
- Unpaired terraces
- Rock-cut terraces
Formed due to rejuvenation, tectonic uplift or climatic change.
Q4. Describe the characteristics of a Delta. (15 Marks)
Definition: Depositional landform at river mouth.
- Arcuate (e.g., Nile)
- Bird’s foot (e.g., Mississippi)
- Cuspate delta
Controlled by sediment load, tides and wave action.
Q5. Explain glacial erosion processes. (15 Marks)
- Plucking
- Abrasion
- Frost action
Glaciers create U-shaped valleys and fjords.
Q6. Differentiate between Cirque and Arete. (10 Marks)
| Cirque | Arete |
|---|---|
| Bowl-shaped depression | Sharp ridge between cirques |
Q7. What are Moraines? Classify them. (10 Marks)
- Lateral moraine
- Medial moraine
- Terminal moraine
- Ground moraine
Q8. Explain the concept of Rejuvenation. (10 Marks)
Rejuvenation occurs when a river regains erosive power due to uplift or sea-level fall, leading to knick points and terraces.
Q9. Compare Fluvial and Glacial Landforms. (15 Marks)
| Fluvial | Glacial |
|---|---|
| V-shaped valleys | U-shaped valleys |
| Meanders | Cirques & Aretes |
Q10. Discuss the importance of Fluvial & Glacial landforms in India. (15 Marks)
- Himalayan U-shaped valleys
- Indo-Gangetic floodplains
- Brahmaputra braided channels
- Glacial lakes & GLOF risks
📊 Page 2 Complete | Total Questions So Far: 20 / 1000
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