Geography Optional – Paper II (India)
Page–4 : Indian Drainage System
Himalayan & Peninsular Rivers – Previous Year Questions with Model Answers
Q1. Compare the Himalayan and Peninsular river systems of India.
The Himalayan rivers such as the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra are perennial in nature as they are fed by glaciers and monsoon rainfall. They exhibit large drainage basins, meandering courses and extensive floodplains.
In contrast, Peninsular rivers like Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri are mainly rain-fed and seasonal. They flow over hard crystalline rocks, resulting in shallow valleys and well-defined waterfalls.
Q2. Explain the significance of antecedent and superimposed drainage in India.
Antecedent rivers such as the Indus and Sutlej maintained their original courses despite Himalayan uplift, cutting deep gorges through mountain ranges.
Superimposed drainage is observed where rivers developed their courses over sedimentary cover and later cut into underlying hard rocks, as seen in parts of the Peninsular Plateau.
Q3. Discuss the role of Indian rivers in economic development.
Indian rivers support agriculture through irrigation, especially in the Indo-Gangetic plains. They are crucial for hydroelectric power generation, inland navigation and urban water supply.
However, increasing pollution, floods and inter-state water disputes pose serious challenges to sustainable river management in India.
End of Page–4 | Geography Optional – Paper II
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