Geography Optional – Paper II (India)
Page–2 : Himalayan Mountain System
Previous Year Questions with Model Answers (UPSC & UPPSC)
Q1. Explain the origin and evolution of the Himalayan mountain system.
The Himalayas are a young fold mountain system formed due to the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate during the Cenozoic era. This convergence led to intense folding, faulting and uplift.
The ongoing convergence explains the continued seismic activity, frequent earthquakes and rising peaks in the Himalayan region. Thus, the Himalayas represent an active mountain-building process.
Q2. Discuss the tectonic significance of the Himalayas.
The Himalayas act as a major tectonic boundary between the Indian and Eurasian plates. They influence seismicity, crustal deformation and regional geomorphology.
Major thrusts such as the Main Central Thrust (MCT), Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) highlight the tectonic complexity of the region.
Q3. Highlight the role of the Himalayas in India’s climate and drainage.
The Himalayas act as a climatic barrier, blocking cold continental winds and facilitating monsoonal rainfall. They are the source region of major perennial rivers such as the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra.
Thus, the Himalayas play a crucial role in sustaining agriculture, water security and ecological balance in the Indian subcontinent.
End of Page–2 | Geography Optional – Paper II
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