Geography Optional – Paper II (India)
Page–16 : Environmental Geography, Climate Change & Sustainability
Climate Change • Environmental Degradation • Sustainable Development
Q1. Examine the impact of climate change on Indian geography.
Climate change has altered temperature and rainfall patterns, leading to frequent floods, droughts and heatwaves.
Glacial retreat in the Himalayas and rising sea levels along coastal regions pose serious ecological and human challenges.
Q2. Discuss environmental degradation caused by human activities in India.
Deforestation, mining, industrial pollution and unplanned urbanisation have degraded land, water and air quality.
Loss of biodiversity and soil erosion threaten long-term ecological stability.
Q3. What is sustainable development? Explain in the Indian context.
Sustainable development aims to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations.
India promotes sustainability through renewable energy, afforestation programmes and climate-resilient agriculture.
Q4. Analyse India’s vulnerability to climate-induced disasters.
India’s long coastline, monsoon dependence and Himalayan topography increase vulnerability to cyclones, floods and landslides.
Climate variability intensifies disaster frequency and magnitude.
Q5. Suggest strategies for environmental sustainability in India.
Integrated planning, green technology, community participation and policy enforcement are essential for environmental sustainability.
Balancing development with conservation is the key geographical challenge for India.
End of Page–16 | Geography Optional – Paper II
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