UPSC / UPPSC Geography Optional
Paper–II (Indian Geography) – Page 11
Population Distribution, Growth & Migration in India
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
1. Introduction
Population geography deals with the spatial distribution, growth, composition and movement of population. India is the most populous country in the world, characterised by high regional diversity in population patterns.
2. Population Distribution in India
Population distribution in India is highly uneven and influenced by physical, economic and social factors.
- High density: Indo-Gangetic Plains, coastal regions
- Moderate density: Peninsular plateau
- Low density: Himalayas, Thar Desert, North-East hills
3. Factors Influencing Population Distribution
- Relief and climate
- Soil fertility and water availability
- Industrialisation and urbanisation
- Historical and cultural factors
4. Population Growth in India
India has experienced rapid population growth since independence due to declining death rates and relatively high birth rates.
- Phase I: Slow growth (1901–1921)
- Phase II: Steady growth (1921–1951)
- Phase III: Rapid growth (1951–1981)
- Phase IV: High but slowing growth (1981 onwards)
5. Migration in India
Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another for a long period. It plays a major role in redistributing population.
Types of Migration
- Rural to rural
- Rural to urban
- Urban to urban
- Urban to rural
Causes of Migration
- Economic factors (employment)
- Social factors (marriage, education)
- Environmental factors (droughts, floods)
6. Impact of Population Growth & Migration
- Pressure on resources
- Urban overcrowding
- Slum formation
- Regional imbalances
7. Population Policy & Way Forward
- National Population Policy
- Promotion of education and healthcare
- Women empowerment
- Balanced regional development
8. Answer Writing Strategy
- Start with a population density map
- Use census-based data where possible
- Explain causes and consequences
- Conclude with policy perspective
Golden Rule: Map + data + cause–effect + solution = high marks
End of Geography Optional – Paper II | Page 11
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
.png)
No comments:
Post a Comment