UPSC / UPPSC Geography Optional
Paper–II (Indian Geography) – Page 3
The Peninsular Plateau
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
1. Introduction
The Peninsular Plateau is the oldest and most stable physiographic unit of India. It represents the remnant of the ancient Gondwanaland and forms the hard core of the Indian landmass.
2. Geological Evolution
The Peninsular Plateau is composed mainly of ancient crystalline rocks formed during the Precambrian era. It has undergone long periods of denudation, resulting in a highly dissected and mature relief.
- Part of Gondwanaland
- Dominated by igneous and metamorphic rocks
- Geologically stable with minor tectonic disturbances
3. Structural Divisions
A. Central Highlands
The Central Highlands lie north of the Narmada River and include the Malwa Plateau, Bundelkhand Plateau and the Vindhyan Range.
B. Deccan Plateau
The Deccan Plateau lies south of the Narmada River and is bounded by the Western and Eastern Ghats. It is characterised by basaltic lava flows known as the Deccan Traps.
- Western Ghats – continuous and steep
- Eastern Ghats – discontinuous and irregular
4. Rift Valleys & Tectonic Features
The Peninsular Plateau contains prominent rift valleys formed due to faulting activities.
- Narmada Rift Valley
- Tapi Rift Valley
- Godavari Rift Zone
Exam Tip: Rift valleys are examples of tectonic activity in an otherwise stable region.
5. Drainage Characteristics
- Mostly seasonal rivers
- Eastward flowing rivers form large deltas
- Westward flowing rivers are short and swift
6. Resource Significance
- Rich in mineral resources
- Coal, iron ore, manganese, bauxite
- Supports industrial development
7. Agricultural Significance
- Black soil suitable for cotton
- Millets and oilseeds dominant
- Dependent on monsoon rainfall
8. Environmental Issues
- Soil erosion
- Deforestation
- Water scarcity
9. Answer Writing Strategy
- Draw a simple outline of the Peninsular Plateau
- Mention Gondwanaland connection
- Highlight rift valleys
- Link with minerals and agriculture
Golden Rule: Geological stability + resources + drainage = scoring answer
End of Geography Optional – Paper II | Page 3
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
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