UPSC / UPPSC Geography Optional
Paper–II (Indian Geography) – Page 20
Applied & Contemporary Geography of India – GIS, Remote Sensing & Planning
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
1. Introduction
Applied geography focuses on the practical application of geographical knowledge to solve real-world problems. In India, modern tools like GIS, Remote Sensing and spatial planning play a vital role in governance, development and disaster management.
2. Geographic Information System (GIS)
GIS is a computer-based system for capturing, storing, analysing and displaying spatial data.
- Land-use and land-cover mapping
- Urban planning and infrastructure development
- Environmental monitoring
- Disaster risk assessment
3. Remote Sensing in India
Remote sensing involves collecting data about the Earth’s surface without direct contact, using satellites and sensors.
- Weather forecasting
- Agricultural monitoring
- Forest and biodiversity assessment
- Water resource management
ISRO plays a crucial role through satellites such as INSAT, IRS and Cartosat.
4. Global Positioning System (GPS)
- Navigation and transportation
- Surveying and mapping
- Disaster response and rescue operations
5. Spatial Planning & Regional Development
- Regional planning for balanced development
- Urban master plans
- Smart Cities Mission
- Industrial corridors
6. Applications in Governance
- E-governance and digital mapping
- Resource allocation
- Monitoring flagship schemes
- Border and internal security management
7. Contemporary Geographical Issues
- Urban sprawl and congestion
- Climate change adaptation
- Environmental degradation
- Regional inequalities
8. Way Forward
- Integration of GIS in policymaking
- Capacity building and skill development
- Open-access spatial data
- Technology-driven sustainable development
9. Answer Writing Strategy
- Define GIS / Remote Sensing briefly
- Use India-specific applications
- Link technology with governance
- Conclude with sustainable planning
Golden Rule: Technology + application + governance = high marks
End of Geography Optional – Paper II | Page 20
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
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