🟢 Geography Optional – Prelims Level
Climatology & Atmosphere (High-Scoring UPSC Area)
Page – 8
UPSC / UPPSC | Shaktimatha 369 Learning
Q48. Which layer of the atmosphere is responsible for weather phenomena?
- A. Stratosphere
- B. Troposphere
- C. Mesosphere
- D. Thermosphere
Correct Answer: B. Troposphere
Explanation:
All weather phenomena like clouds, rainfall and storms occur in the troposphere because it contains almost all atmospheric water vapour and dust.
Q49. Jet streams are best described as:
- A. Permanent surface winds
- B. Seasonal trade winds
- C. Narrow bands of high-speed winds in the upper atmosphere
- D. Winds blowing from land to sea
Correct Answer: C. Narrow bands of high-speed winds in the upper atmosphere
Explanation:
Jet streams are fast-flowing air currents in the upper troposphere, influencing weather systems and monsoon behavior.
Q50. Consider the following statements about El Niño:
1. It involves abnormal warming of the Pacific Ocean.
2. It generally weakens the Indian monsoon.
3. It increases rainfall over India.
- A. 1 and 2 only
- B. 2 and 3 only
- C. 1 and 3 only
- D. 1, 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A. 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
El Niño events disrupt the Walker circulation and are often associated with deficient monsoon rainfall in India.
Q51. Which of the following best explains the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)?
- A. Zone of high pressure near the poles
- B. Zone where trade winds converge
- C. Region of descending air
- D. Cold air mass boundary
Correct Answer: B. Zone where trade winds converge
Explanation:
ITCZ is a low-pressure belt near the equator where northeast and southeast trade winds meet, causing heavy convectional rainfall.
Q52. Which climatic phenomenon is associated with cooling of the eastern Pacific Ocean?
- A. El Niño
- B. La Niña
- C. IOD
- D. ENSO Neutral
Correct Answer: B. La Niña
Explanation:
La Niña is marked by abnormal cooling of the eastern Pacific and often strengthens the Indian monsoon.
Q53. Which of the following pressure belts is located near 30° latitude?
- A. Equatorial low pressure belt
- B. Subtropical high pressure belt
- C. Subpolar low pressure belt
- D. Polar high pressure belt
Correct Answer: B. Subtropical high pressure belt
Explanation:
Subtropical highs are associated with descending air and are responsible for the formation of deserts.
Q54. Which of the following winds are permanent planetary winds?
- A. Monsoon winds
- B. Local winds
- C. Trade winds
- D. Land breeze
Correct Answer: C. Trade winds
Explanation:
Trade winds blow permanently from subtropical highs towards the equatorial low pressure belt.
UPSC Climatology Tip:
If ENSO + ITCZ + Jet Stream are clear,
you can crack most climate-related MCQs.
End of Prelims Level – Page 8
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
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