🟦 Geography Optional – MAINS
Paper–II : Indian Geography
Page – 28 | PYQs with Model Answers (Part–II)
UPSC / UPPSC | Shaktimatha 369 Learning
PYQ 4. Discuss the vulnerability of India to natural disasters and evaluate the effectiveness of disaster management strategies. (20 Marks)
Model Answer
India is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world due to its diverse physical geography and climatic conditions.
- Floods in river basins of Ganga–Brahmaputra
- Cyclones along eastern and western coasts
- Earthquakes in Himalayan and peninsular regions
- Droughts in arid and semi-arid zones
Disaster management has improved through:
- Institutional framework like NDMA
- Early warning systems
- Community-based disaster preparedness
However, gaps remain in implementation, infrastructure resilience and post-disaster rehabilitation.
Map to draw: Disaster-prone regions of India
PYQ 5. Analyse the impact of climate change on Indian agriculture and food security. (15 Marks)
Model Answer
Climate change has emerged as a serious threat to India’s agrarian economy and food security.
- Erratic monsoon affecting rainfed agriculture
- Rising temperatures reducing crop yields
- Increased frequency of droughts and floods
- Salinity intrusion in coastal farmlands
Adaptive strategies such as climate-resilient crops, efficient irrigation and diversification are essential to mitigate risks.
Map to draw: Climate-vulnerable agricultural regions
PYQ 6. Examine the causes and consequences of rapid urbanisation in India. (15 Marks)
Model Answer
Urbanisation in India is driven by economic growth, industrialisation and migration.
- Expansion of metropolitan cities
- Growth of informal settlements
- Pressure on housing and infrastructure
- Environmental degradation
Urban planning reforms, smart city initiatives and inclusive governance are required to manage urban growth sustainably.
Map to draw: Major urban agglomerations of India
PYQ 7. Discuss the regional patterns of population growth in India and their socio-economic implications. (15 Marks)
Model Answer
Population growth in India shows significant regional variations due to differences in fertility, education and economic development.
- High growth in BIMARU states
- Low growth in southern states
- Demographic dividend in working-age population
- Pressure on resources and employment
Balanced regional development and human capital investment are crucial to harness demographic potential.
Map to draw: Population growth rates by state
✔ Disaster + climate answers must be region-specific
✔ Always integrate agriculture or population impact
✔ Map-based answers score higher
✔ Avoid theoretical generalisations
End of MAINS – Paper II | Page 28
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
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