🟦 Geography Optional – MAINS
Paper–II : Indian Geography
Page – 19 | Indian Drainage System
UPSC / UPPSC | Shaktimatha 369 Learning
Q19. Compare the Himalayan and Peninsular river systems of India. Discuss their geomorphological and economic significance.
Directive: Compare + Discuss (Analytical & Applied)
Introduction
India possesses one of the most extensive river systems in the world. The drainage system reflects the geological structure, climatic conditions and relief features of the subcontinent.
Main Body
1. Himalayan River System
- Perennial rivers fed by snowmelt and rainfall
- Long courses with large basins
- Antecedent and superimposed drainage
- Major rivers: Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra
2. Peninsular River System
- Seasonal rivers mainly rain-fed
- Shorter courses and smaller basins
- Structurally controlled drainage
- Major rivers: Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmada
3. Comparative Analysis
| Aspect | Himalayan Rivers | Peninsular Rivers |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Perennial | Seasonal |
| Valley type | Deep gorges | Shallow valleys |
| Delta formation | Extensive (Ganga) | Limited except east coast |
4. Geomorphological Significance
- Alluvial plains formation
- Delta development
- River terraces and floodplains
5. Economic Significance
- Irrigation and agriculture
- Hydropower generation
- Inland navigation
- Settlement and urban growth
Conclusion
Indian rivers are lifelines of the country. Sustainable river basin management is essential to balance development needs, ecological integrity and disaster risk reduction.
Maps/Diagrams to draw in exam:
• Major river systems of India
• Himalayan vs Peninsular drainage pattern
• Delta and floodplain schematic
Examiner’s View:
✔ Comparative structure improves clarity
✔ Table fetches extra marks
✔ Map usage is compulsory for 15/20 marks
✔ Link rivers with economy and hazards
End of MAINS – Paper II | Page 19
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
.png)
No comments:
Post a Comment