🟦 Geography Optional – MAINS Level
Paper–I : Economic Geography
Page – 13 | Agricultural Systems & Food Security
UPSC / UPPSC | Shaktimatha 369 Learning
Q13. Discuss the major agricultural systems of the world. Examine the challenges to food security in India and suggest measures.
Directive: Discuss + Examine + Suggest (Static + Applied)
Introduction
Agriculture is the primary economic activity supporting livelihoods and food systems across the world. Agricultural systems vary according to physical conditions, technology and socio-economic factors.
Main Body
1. Major Agricultural Systems of the World
- Subsistence farming: Small holdings, low surplus
- Commercial farming: Large-scale, mechanised production
- Plantation agriculture: Tea, coffee, rubber
- Mixed farming: Crop and livestock integration
- Mediterranean agriculture: Fruits, olives, viticulture
2. Agriculture in India
- Monsoon-dependent cropping system
- Diversity of crops across agro-climatic zones
- Green Revolution improved foodgrain production
3. Food Security: Concept & Dimensions
- Availability: Adequate food production
- Accessibility: Economic and physical access
- Affordability: Purchasing power of people
- Stability: Consistent supply over time
4. Challenges to Food Security in India
- Climate change and rainfall variability
- Small landholdings and low productivity
- Post-harvest losses and storage issues
- Regional disparities and malnutrition
5. Measures to Strengthen Food Security
- Crop diversification and climate-resilient farming
- Improved irrigation and water management
- Strengthening Public Distribution System
- Promotion of nutrition-sensitive agriculture
Conclusion
Ensuring food security requires sustainable agricultural practices, technological innovation and inclusive policy frameworks. Agriculture remains central to India’s socio-economic stability.
Diagrams to draw in exam:
• World agricultural regions
• Agro-climatic zones of India
• Food security pillars diagram
Examiner’s View:
✔ Balanced global + Indian approach
✔ Linking agriculture with food security is crucial
✔ Use of dimensions fetches extra marks
✔ Diagrams improve structure and clarity
End of MAINS – Page 13
Shaktimatha 369 Learning
.png)
No comments:
Post a Comment